Description
Quick answer: The IGNOU BPAC-107 Solved Assignment provides English model answers for Comparative Public Administration, a six-credit first-year core course in the Bachelor of Arts Honours Public Administration programme. Separate editions are available for 2026-27 and 2025-26. The 2026-27 edition answers all ten compulsory questions and covers comparative method, Russia’s political-administrative system, behavioural and systems analysis, administrative ecology, bureaucracy, ideal types, development management and New Public Management.
BPAC-107 Course and Assignment at a Glance
| University | Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) |
|---|---|
| School | School of Social Sciences (SOSS) |
| Programme | Bachelor of Arts Honours Public Administration (BAPAH) |
| Course Code | BPAC-107 |
| Course Title | Comparative Public Administration |
| Course Type | Core Course |
| Credits | 6 |
| Programme Placement | First year |
| Product Medium | English |
| Assignment Code | BPAC-107/Asst/TMA/July 2026-January 2027 |
| Maximum Marks | 100 |
| Evaluation Weightage | Assignment 30 percent and Term-End Examination 70 percent, as printed in the booklet |
| Question Requirement | All ten questions are compulsory |
| Printed Answer Length | About 500 words for Questions 1-2, 250 words for Questions 3-5 and 100 words for Questions 6-10 |
Sessions Available for the BPAC-107 Solved Assignment
| Session | Medium | Edition Details |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | English | Prepared from the July 2026 and January 2027 assignment booklet |
| 2025-26 | English | Available as a separate question-paper-specific edition |
Select the edition whose assignment code and questions match your own booklet. BPAC-107 retains the same course title across cycles, but the country case, theoretical approaches and short-note concepts can change. Matching only the course code without checking the questions can therefore lead to an incorrect submission.
About BPAC-107 Comparative Public Administration
BPAC-107 studies why public organisations that appear similar on paper operate differently across countries and social settings. A ministry, civil service commission or local authority cannot be understood only through its legal structure. Its behaviour is also shaped by political authority, economic resources, historical experience, social hierarchy, administrative culture and informal relationships.
The course therefore moves beyond a catalogue of foreign governments. It teaches learners how to compare administrative institutions without assuming that one national model is universally normal. It asks whether concepts are genuinely equivalent, how environmental conditions influence implementation and why a reform that succeeds in one country may produce a different result elsewhere.
This makes the assignment methodologically distinctive. The first long answer establishes the nature and scope of the field. The Russia question applies comparative analysis to a complete political-administrative system. The middle-category questions then test three different ways of studying administration: actual behaviour, system-wide interdependence and environmental interaction. The final notes examine concepts that connect classical bureaucracy with transitional administration and contemporary reform.
Official BPAC-107 Block and Unit Structure
| SLM Block | Units | Assignment Connection |
|---|---|---|
| Block 1: Comparative Public Administration: An Introduction | Unit 1: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance | Provides the conceptual foundation for Question 1 and the comparative method used throughout the paper |
| Block 2: Approaches to the Study of Comparative Public Administration | Unit 2: Bureaucratic Approach; Unit 3: Behavioural Approach; Unit 4: General Systems Approach; Unit 5: Structural Functional Approach | Directly supports Questions 3, 4 and 6 and helps distinguish structures, functions and actual behaviour |
| Block 3: Political and Administrative Systems in Developed and Developing Countries | Unit 6: Developed Countries; Unit 7: Developing Countries; Unit 8: Fred Riggs Administrative Model for Developing Societies | Forms the base for the Russia case and the questions on ecology, multi-functionality and ideal-type models |
| Block 4: Intellectual Development in Comparative Public Administration | Unit 9: Intellectual Developments in Comparative Public Administration | Connects comparative administration with development management and New Public Management |
Where BPAC-107 Fits in the BAPAH Programme
BPAC-107 is a six-credit first-year core course in the BAPAH programme. It is studied alongside foundational papers on administrative thinkers, personnel administration, Union and State systems, public policy, public systems management and local governance. Its special contribution is comparative reasoning: instead of asking only how an institution is formally designed, the course asks how context changes its functioning and what can genuinely be learned from another administrative system.
This placement also explains the range of the assignment. Learners must use classical ideas such as bureaucracy and ideal types, behavioural concepts such as decision-making, ecological models associated with Fred W. Riggs and contemporary reform ideas such as development management and NPM. A strong response connects these ideas rather than treating them as isolated definitions.
How the 2026-27 BPAC-107 Assignment Is Structured
The question paper contains three compulsory categories. Assignment A requires developed conceptual and country-system essays. Assignment B tests the ability to explain theoretical approaches in a focused analytical form. Assignment C requires precise recall and conceptual distinction.
| Category | Questions | Marks | Printed Length | Best Answer Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assignment A | 1-2 | 20 marks each; 40 total | About 500 words each | Define the field or system, organise major dimensions under subheadings, evaluate administrative implications and conclude |
| Assignment B | 3-5 | 10 marks each; 30 total | About 250 words each | Explain the origin, core features, analytical contribution and limitation of each approach |
| Assignment C | 6-10 | 6 marks each; 30 total | About 100 words each | Give a precise definition, essential features and one comparative or administrative significance |
Answer Depth and Word-Limit Guidance
The solved file contains fuller study versions so that theoretical relationships and country-system details are understandable. While writing the final handwritten submission, condense the responses towards the limits printed on the question paper. Do not remove the definition, central argument or conclusion merely to reduce length; shorten secondary examples and repeated explanation instead.
| Marks | Printed Guidance | Writing Priority |
|---|---|---|
| 20 marks | About 500 words | Conceptual clarity, six or more organised dimensions, comparative significance and conclusion |
| 10 marks | About 250 words | Origin of the approach, principal features, contribution, limitation and a concise closure |
| 6 marks | About 100 words | Exact definition, two or three essential elements and one sentence on relevance |
What You Get in This BPAC-107 Solved Assignment
- A complete explanation of CPA as a comparative, empirical, ecological, interdisciplinary and theory-building field rather than a description of foreign offices.
- A structured account of Russia covering the President, Federal Assembly, Government, judiciary, federal-regional relations, local self-government and the administrative vertical.
- A behavioural-approach answer that connects observation, decision-making, bounded rationality, informal organisation and interdisciplinary research.
- A General Systems answer built around inputs, conversion, outputs, outcomes, feedback, interdependence, environmental exchange and adaptation.
- An ecological answer that explains Riggs’s fused, prismatic and diffracted models together with heterogeneity, formalism and overlapping roles.
- Focused notes that distinguish the merits of bureaucracy from red tape and explain multi-functionality as an ecological feature rather than ordinary multitasking.
- An exact explanation of ideal types as analytical constructions, not moral ideals or statistical averages.
- Separate definitions of development management and New Public Management so the two contemporary approaches are not used interchangeably.
How to Use the BPAC-107 Model Answers
- Verify the session first. Compare the assignment code and every question with the booklet downloaded for your enrolment cycle.
- Identify the level of comparison. Decide whether the question concerns individuals, organisations, national systems or the wider administrative environment.
- Separate formal design from actual behaviour. In the Russia answer, for example, distinguish constitutional institutions from the practical pattern of executive coordination.
- Use scholars only where they explain the concept. Simon belongs in behavioural analysis, Riggs in ecological analysis and Weber in bureaucracy and ideal-type discussions.
- Compare through fixed criteria. Structures, functions, environment, decision-making, accountability and capacity provide a stronger framework than unrelated facts about two countries.
- Rewrite the response in your own language. Preserve the analytical sequence while reducing the fuller model to the printed word limit.
Learners who require physical writing assistance may review the IGNOU handwritten assignment service. The learner should still verify the course code, session, question order, personal details and Study Centre instructions before submission.
Assignment Writing Tips for Comparative Public Administration
- Do not confuse comparison with description: a country profile becomes comparative only when institutions are related to context, authority, behaviour and administrative consequences.
- Define the unit of analysis: state whether the answer compares a bureaucracy, a political-administrative system, an organisational process or an administrative environment.
- Check conceptual equivalence: terms such as local government, civil service or minister do not always represent identical powers across countries.
- Keep formal and informal institutions separate: legal rules explain official competence, while patronage, professional norms and political networks may explain actual behaviour.
- Distinguish approaches by their central question: behavioural analysis asks what officials do; systems analysis asks how interdependent parts process inputs; ecology asks how the environment shapes administration.
- Use Riggs carefully: fused, prismatic and diffracted are heuristic models. Do not label an entire country permanently without evidence or treat the sequence as a moral ranking.
- Make short notes exact: multi-functionality is not merely having many duties, and an ideal type is not the best possible administration.
- Evaluate reform language: NPM’s performance tools may improve focus, but contracting, fragmentation and customer language can weaken public accountability and citizenship.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Defining CPA as the study of administration in foreign countries and omitting explanation, theory-building and context.
- Comparing countries without common criteria, producing two unrelated descriptions instead of analysis.
- Writing the Russia answer as political history while ignoring ministries, agencies, regional administration and local government.
- Calling Russia a purely presidential or purely parliamentary system without explaining its mixed constitutional design and strong presidency.
- Reducing the behavioural approach to employee motivation and omitting decision-making, empirical method and informal organisation.
- Using General Systems as a list of departments without inputs, conversion, outputs and feedback.
- Treating ecology as environmental protection instead of the relationship between administration and its social, economic, political and cultural setting.
- Presenting Riggs’s models as exact stages followed by every society.
- Equating bureaucracy with delay and ignoring expertise, continuity, written responsibility and rule-based equality.
- Using development management and NPM as synonyms even though one is centred on development outcomes and stakeholder coordination while the other emphasises managerial reform and performance.
Submission Rules for the BPAC-107 Assignment
- Answer all ten questions in Assignments A, B and C.
- Read the relevant course units and prepare a logical outline before writing the final version.
- Give adequate attention to introduction and conclusion in the two descriptive answers.
- Maintain clear connections between sentences and paragraphs and remain within the printed word guidance.
- Write neatly and underline only the concepts that genuinely require emphasis.
- Submit to the Coordinator of the allotted Study Centre, obtain a receipt and retain a copy of the completed work.
The booklet prints 31 March 2027 for the July 2026 session and 30 September 2027 for the January 2027 session. Confirm any revised date or extension from IGNOU and your Study Centre before submission.
Where to Download the Official BPAC-107 Question Paper
Use the official IGNOU assignment portal and compare the programme, course code, medium, assignment code and all ten questions before using a solved edition. The prescribed BPAC-107 Self Learning Material is available through IGNOU’s eGyanKosh repository.
Academic Integrity Note
This publication is independent study-support and reference material prepared by Shri Chakradhar Publication. It is not an official IGNOU answer key and has not been approved or endorsed by the university. Read the prescribed material, understand each model answer, rewrite it in your own words and follow the instructions printed in your official booklet. No marks or evaluation outcome is promised.
Reviewed and Published By
Expert-reviewed | Last updated: July 2026
BK Sahni (Bhavya Kumar Sahni) is the Founder of Shri Chakradhar Publication Private Limited and of ignouproject.com, and has been working with IGNOU distance-learning students since 2010. He is an author and publisher whose work focuses on structured, course-aligned study support for IGNOU learners, and his published research is indexed under ORCID iD 0009-0005-8092-459X. This page and the accompanying BPAC-107 answers were reviewed against the official IGNOU assignment booklet, the BAPAH programme information, the BPAC-107 Self Learning Material and official constitutional information concerning the Russian political-administrative system, for clarity, course relevance and factual accuracy.
Political institutions, office-holders and administrative arrangements can change. If you identify a factual, typographical or session-matching issue, contact Shri Chakradhar Publication so that the page and solved resource can be reviewed and corrected.
Frequently Asked Questions About the IGNOU BPAC-107 Solved Assignment
What does the BPAC-107 solved assignment contain?
It contains English model answers to all ten compulsory questions in the selected session paper. The 2026-27 edition includes two developed essays, three approach-based analytical answers and five concise conceptual notes, followed by references and an academic-integrity reminder.
Which BPAC-107 sessions are available?
Separate English editions are available for 2026-27 and 2025-26. Select the edition whose assignment code and questions match your booklet because the same course can test different countries, approaches or concepts in another cycle.
Which programme and year include BPAC-107?
BPAC-107 is a six-credit first-year core course in IGNOU’s Bachelor of Arts Honours Public Administration programme, identified by the programme code BAPAH.
Do I have to answer all ten questions?
Yes. The 2026-27 question paper states that all questions are compulsory. Questions 1-2 carry 20 marks each, Questions 3-5 carry 10 marks each and Questions 6-10 carry 6 marks each.
What is Comparative Public Administration?
Comparative Public Administration is the systematic study of administrative structures, behaviour and performance across different settings. It compares institutions through common concepts and explains how political, social, economic and cultural environments shape their operation.
How should the Russia answer be organised?
Begin with the constitutional character of the Russian Federation, then explain the President, Federal Assembly, Government, judiciary, federal-regional relations and local self-government. End by identifying the main administrative features, especially strong presidential coordination within a federal structure.
What is the difference between behavioural and ecological approaches?
The behavioural approach focuses on actual human conduct, decisions, motivation and informal organisation. The ecological approach focuses on the relationship between administration and its surrounding political, social, economic and cultural environment.
What does multi-functionality mean in this course?
Multi-functionality means that one institution or role performs several functions that would be separately assigned in a highly differentiated system. Riggs used the idea to explain overlapping administrative, political and social roles in fused and prismatic settings.
Is an ideal type an ideal or perfect administration?
No. An ideal type is a simplified analytical model used to compare reality. Weber’s bureaucracy and Riggs’s fused, prismatic and diffracted models clarify selected features, but no real system is expected to match them exactly.
Are these official IGNOU answers?
No. They are independently prepared model answers for study, planning and writing guidance. The authoritative academic documents are the question paper issued by IGNOU and the prescribed Self Learning Material available through eGyanKosh.
Can BPAC-107 be ordered in handwritten form?
A separate handwritten preparation service is available. Provide the correct session paper and personally verify the course code, question order, enrolment details and Study Centre requirements before the final copy is prepared or submitted.
Related IGNOU BPAC-107 Study Resources
- IGNOU BPAC-107 Help Book – revise the four-block course sequence, country systems and theoretical approaches before condensing the assignment answers.
- IGNOU BAPAH Solved Guess Papers – practise applying bureaucracy, systems, ecology and reform concepts to Term-End Examination questions.
- IGNOU BPAC-107 Handwritten Assignment – request a separately prepared physical version when ten compulsory answers create a difficult writing load.
- IGNOU Previous Year Solved Papers – compare how comparative method, country systems and administrative approaches are tested across examination cycles.
Preparing other Public Administration courses? Browse more IGNOU bachelor’s solved assignments.
